See also: List of Ubuntu-based Linux distributions
Ubuntu family tree
- Ubuntu GNOME (with the GNOME desktop environment),
- Ubuntu MATE (with the MATE desktop environment),
- Ubuntu Budgie (with the Budgie desktop environment),
- Kubuntu (with KDE Plasma Workspaces),
- Lubuntu (with LXDE), and
- Xubuntu (with Xfce).
Besides Ubuntu Desktop, there are several other official Ubuntu editions, which are created and maintained by Canonical and the Ubuntu community and receive full support from Canonical, its partners and the Community. They include the following:[93][94]
- Ubuntu Business Desktop Remix, was a release meant for business users that came with special enterprise software including Adobe Flash, Canonical Landscape, OpenJDK 6 and VMware View, while removing social networking and file sharing applications, games and development/sysadmin tools.[95] The goal of the Business Desktop Remix was not to copy other enterprise-oriented distributions, such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux, but to make it, according to Mark Shuttleworth's blog, "easier for institutional users to evaluate Ubuntu Desktop for their specific needs".[96]
- Ubuntu TV, labeled "TV for human beings" by Canonical Ltd., was introduced at the 2012 Consumer Electronics Show by Canonical's marketing executive John D. Bernard.[97] Created for smart TVs, Ubuntu TV aimed to provide access to popular Internet services and stream content to mobile devices running Android, iOS and Ubuntu.[98] Launchpad.net Ubuntu TV code repository has not shown any actual development activity since December 2011.[99]
The variants recognized by Canonical as contributing significantly towards the Ubuntu project (but not commercially supported[54]) are the following:[94]
- Edubuntu, a subproject and add-on for Ubuntu, designed for school environments and home users.[100]
- Mythbuntu, designed for creating a home theater PC with MythTV and uses the Xfce desktop environment.
- Ubuntu Studio, a distribution made for professional video and audio editing, comes with higher-end free editing software.
By Precise Pangolin (12.04), Kubuntu is a community-supported variant of the Ubuntu distribution which uses the KDE Plasma Workspaces.
Chinese derivative Ubuntu Kylin
Since Ubuntu 10.10, a Chinese-language version of Ubuntu Desktop called "Ubuntu Chinese Edition" (later Ubuntu Kylin), had been released alongside the various other editions, up to and including 12.04.[101] However, in 2013, Canonical reached an agreement with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China to make Ubuntu the new basis of the Kylin operating system (that had used FreeBSD) starting with Raring Ringtail (version 13.04).[102] The first version of Ubuntu Kylin was released on 25 April 2013.[103]Ubuntu Server
A screenshot of the Ubuntu 12.04 Server installation boot menu
Since version 10.10, the server edition (like the desktop version) supports hardware virtualization and can be run in a virtual machine, either inside a host operating system or in a hypervisor, such as VMware ESXi, Oracle, Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V, QEMU, a Kernel-based Virtual Machine, or any other IBM PC compatible emulator or virtualizer. Ubuntu 7.10 and later turn on the AppArmor security module for the Linux kernel by default on key software packages, and the firewall is extended to common services used by the operating system.
- Has minimum requirements of: 512 MB RAM, 1 GHz CPU, and 1 GB disk space (1.75 GB for all features to be installed)[104]
- Runs on all major architectures – x86, x86-64, ARM v7, ARM64,[105] POWER8 and IBM System z mainframes via LinuxONE.[106] SPARC is no longer commercially supported.
- Supports ZFS, a file system with snapshot capabilities, since Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.[107][108][109]
- Has LXD, a hypervisor to manage LXC Linux containers
- Includes the first production release of DPDK for line-speed kernel networking
- Uses Linux 4.4 kernel and systemd service manager
- Is certified as a guest on AWS, Microsoft Azure, Joyent, IBM and HP Cloud[106]
Ubuntu Touch
For more details on this topic, see Ubuntu Touch.
Ubuntu Touch is an alternate version of Ubuntu developed for
smartphones and tablets which was announced on 2 January 2013. Ubuntu
Touch was released to manufacturing on 16 September 2014.[110] The first device to run it was the Galaxy Nexus.[111] A concept for a smartphone running Ubuntu for Phones was published[when?] on Ubuntu's official channel on YouTube.[112]
The platform allows developing one app with two interfaces: a
smartphone UI, and, when docked, a desktop UI; a demo version for
higher-end Ubuntu smartphones was shown that could run a full Ubuntu
desktop when connected to a monitor and keyboard, which was to ship as
Ubuntu for Android.[113]
Ubuntu for Tablets was previewed at 19 February 2013. According to the
keynote video, an Ubuntu Phone will be able to connect to a tablet,
which will then utilize a tablet interface; plugging a keyboard and
mouse into the tablet will transform the phone into a desktop; and
plugging a television monitor into the phone will bring up the Ubuntu TV interface.[114]On 6 February 2015, the first smartphone running Ubuntu Touch pre-installed was announced. The BQ Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition features a 4.5-inch (110 mm) qHD display, a 1.3 GHz quad-core Cortex-A7 processor, and 1 GB of RAM. It is currently priced at €169.90, while the 5-inch Aquaris E5 HD Ubuntu Edition is available for €199.90.[115]
Cloud computing
Eucalyptus interface
Cloud Ubuntu Orange Box
Ubuntu 11.04 added support for OpenStack, with Eucalyptus to OpenStack migration tools added by Canonical in Ubuntu Server 11.10.[118][119] Ubuntu 11.10 added focus on OpenStack as the Ubuntu's preferred IaaS offering though Eucalyptus is also supported. Another major focus is Canonical Juju for provisioning, deploying, hosting, managing, and orchestrating enterprise data center infrastructure services, by, with, and for the Ubuntu Server.[120][121]
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